BANNED DRUGS AVAILABLE IN INDIA:
ANALGIN:
This is a pain-killer. Reason for ban: Bone marrow depression.
Brand name : Novalgin
__________________________________________________ _________
CISAPRIDE:
Acidity, constipation. Reason for ban : irregular heartbeat
Brand name : Ciza, Syspride
__________________________________________________ __________
DROPERIDOL:
Anti-depressant. Reason for ban : Irregular heartbeat.
Brand name : Droperol
__________________________________________________ ____________
FURAZOLIDONE:
Antidiarrhoeal.. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Furoxone, Lomofen
__________________________________________________ ___________
NIMESULIDE:
Painkiller, fever. Reason for ban : Liver failure.
Brand name : Nise, Nimulid
__________________________________________________ ______________________
NITROFURAZONE:
Antibacterial cream.
Reason for ban :Cancer..
Brand name : Furacin
__________________________________________________ ______________________
PHENOLPHTHALEIN:
Laxative. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Agarol
__________________________________________________ ______________________
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE:
cold and cough. Reason for ban : stroke.
Brand name : D'cold, Vicks Action-500
__________________________________________________ ______________________
OXYPHENBUTAZONE:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Reason for ban : Bone marrow depression.
Brand name : Sioril
__________________________________________________ _____________________
PIPERAZINE:
Anti-worms. Reason for ban : Nerve damage.
Brand name : Piperazine
__________________________________________________ ______________________
QUINIODOCHLOR:
Anti-diarrhoeal. Reason for ban : Damage to sight.
Brand name : Enteroquinol
Sunday, September 19, 2010
Friday, September 17, 2010
EPONYMS NAMED AFTER JEAN MARTIN CHARCOT:
1) Charcot-Leyden crystals-
Synonyms: Asthma crystals, Charcot-Robin’s crystals
The crystals: Double-pointed, colourless, hexagonal andoften needle-shaped phosphate crystals (the crystallizedmembrane-associated eosinophil enzyme lysophospholipase) found in sputum of patients suffering from bronchial asthma or stool of patients with acute amoebic dysentery and ulcerative colitis. The crystals were first noticed by Friedreich Albert von Zenker in
1851, and then described by others.
Other persons associated: Ernst Viktor von Leyden,Charles-Philippe Robin
2) Charcot’s joint-
Synonym: Neuropathic joint
The joint: Non-inflammatory, painless, disorganized or destroyed, hypermobile, huge swelling of joints(especially knee) with crepitus felt on joint movement due to presence of loose bodies. There is marked instability of the joint. The condition may be seen in diabetes mellitus, leprosy, syringomyelia or tabes dorsalis.The posterior column sensations are lost in patients with
Charcot’s joint.
3) Charcot-Neumann crystals-
The crystals: it is the phosphate crystals present in semen
Other person associated: Franz Ernst Christian Neumann
4) Charcot’s triad I (cerebral triad)-
The triad: The combination of intention tremor,nystagmus, and scanning or staccato speech, which is very often seen in multiple sclerosis.
5) Charcot’s triad II (biliary triad)-
The triad: Recurrent pain in right upper abdomen or biliary colic, fluctuating jaundice, and intermittent spiking fever with rigors seen in patients with stone in common bile
duct.
6) Charcot’s intermittent hepatic fever-
The fever: This is in continuation of Charcot’s triad II,where there is pyrexia due to cholangitis, and associated with jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort.
7) Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm-
Synonym: Charcot’s artery of cerebral haemorrhage (i.e.,the lenticulostriate branch of middle cerebral artery)
The aneurysm: Microaneurysm of small cerebral perforated vessels, rupture of which may result in intracerebral bleeding.
Other person associated: Charles-Joseph Bouchard
8) Charcot’s oedema-
The oedema: A local and very painful oedema with a bluish appearance of the extremities, seen in hysterical paralysis.
9) Charcot’s disease-
Synonym: Charcot’s sclerosis, Lou Gehrig’s disease,tabes spasmodica
The disease: It is a rare disorder of nervous system with degeneration of nerves conducting signal to muscles.There is early asymmetrical weakness of limb muscles,
followed by fatigue, cramps, wasting and fibrillation of the upper extremity, and spasticity of the lower limbs. It usually affects adults over 50 years of age but may occur
in younger persons with a M:F ratio of 2:1. The entity is now known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and commonly known to media as Lou Gehrig’s disease, after
Henry Louis (Lou) Gehrig, an American baseball player who died from it in 1941.
10) Charcot’s vertigo-
Synonym: Cough syncope
The entity: An attack of violent coughing may result in laryngeal spasm or glottic closure, which ultimately leads to intense vertigo or syncope
11) Charcot’s-Marie-Tooth disease-
Synonym: Charcot’s-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann disease,
Tooth’s syndrome, peroneal muscular atrophy
The disease: It is the commonest disease within a group of conditions known as Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies (HMSN). There is slowly progressive weakness as well as wasting of distal muscles of legs and arms, resulting from degeneration of the peripheral
nerves, nerve roots, and even the spinal cord. The patient is usually a young one who develops foot drop, highstepping gait and ‘inverted champagne bottle’ appearance of the legs. The affected person has normal intelligence with normal life span. The disease was first
described by Friedreich Schultze in 1884 but the work of Charcot threw light over the disease with a new concept that it is a neuropathy, rather than being a myopathy.
Other persons associated: Pierre Marie, Howard HenryTooth, Johann Hoffmann
12) Charcot’ zones-
The zones: Hysterogenic zones in the human body
13) Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome-
The syndrome: A neuro-ophthalmic syndrome, resulting in visual agnosia and inability to revisualise images due to occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery of the
dominant hemisphere. The condition is sometimes associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome.
Other person associated: Hermann Wilbrand
14) Erb-Charcot paralysis-
The paralysis: a rare syndrome comprising of spinal syphilis with paraesthesia, spastic weakness, sphincteric disorder, brisk deep reflexes, muscle atrophy, sensory
disturbances, and paraplegia.
Other person associated: Withelm Heinrich Erb
15) Charcot’s angina cruris-
Synonym: Charcot syndrome I, intermittent claudication, intermittent limping syndrome
The disease: It is an intermittent gait disturbance caused by obliterative angiopathy with diminished circulation of muscles of legs. There is appearance of pain,
discomfort, cramp and weakness of legs, most commonly developing after physical effort/walking and disappearing after rest. The condition is symptomatic of a variety of
vascular disease, including Buerger’s disease. The term coined at the title is no longer used for intermittent gait disturbances.
16) Charcot-Joffroy syndrome-
Synonym: Spiller’s syndrome, epidural ascending spinal paralysis
The syndrome: A syndrome characterized by sensorydisturbances of lower limbs, localized or diffuse pain in the back/legs/chest, followed by weakness of knees, and
transverse myelitis There may be presence of hyperaesthesia, vasomotor and sphincteric
disturbances, resulting from thrombophlebitis of the meningorachidian veins with subacute/chronic pachymeningitis. In 1911, Spiller first reported two cases.
Other persons associated: William Gibson Spiller, Alexis
17) Souques-Charcot syndrome-
A variant of Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (premature aging in younger children with dwarfism) consisting of eunuchoid habitus, mental subnormality, loose-shinydry
skin with subcutaneous atrophy.
Other associated person: Alexandre-Achille Souques,Sir Jonathan Huchinson
18) Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome-
Synonym: Carotid sinus hypersensitivity syndrome,tight collar syndrome, vagal syncope.
The syndrome: Transient attacks of syncope associated with bradycardia and hypotension, resulting from application of strong pressure on the neck over the bifurcation of common carotid artery, or by sudden turning of head, or wearing a tight collar. This syndrome
was first described by Johann Nepomuk Czermak in 1866.
Other persons associated: Soma Weiss, James Porter Baker
1) Charcot-Leyden crystals-
Synonyms: Asthma crystals, Charcot-Robin’s crystals
The crystals: Double-pointed, colourless, hexagonal andoften needle-shaped phosphate crystals (the crystallizedmembrane-associated eosinophil enzyme lysophospholipase) found in sputum of patients suffering from bronchial asthma or stool of patients with acute amoebic dysentery and ulcerative colitis. The crystals were first noticed by Friedreich Albert von Zenker in
1851, and then described by others.
Other persons associated: Ernst Viktor von Leyden,Charles-Philippe Robin
2) Charcot’s joint-
Synonym: Neuropathic joint
The joint: Non-inflammatory, painless, disorganized or destroyed, hypermobile, huge swelling of joints(especially knee) with crepitus felt on joint movement due to presence of loose bodies. There is marked instability of the joint. The condition may be seen in diabetes mellitus, leprosy, syringomyelia or tabes dorsalis.The posterior column sensations are lost in patients with
Charcot’s joint.
3) Charcot-Neumann crystals-
The crystals: it is the phosphate crystals present in semen
Other person associated: Franz Ernst Christian Neumann
4) Charcot’s triad I (cerebral triad)-
The triad: The combination of intention tremor,nystagmus, and scanning or staccato speech, which is very often seen in multiple sclerosis.
5) Charcot’s triad II (biliary triad)-
The triad: Recurrent pain in right upper abdomen or biliary colic, fluctuating jaundice, and intermittent spiking fever with rigors seen in patients with stone in common bile
duct.
6) Charcot’s intermittent hepatic fever-
The fever: This is in continuation of Charcot’s triad II,where there is pyrexia due to cholangitis, and associated with jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort.
7) Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm-
Synonym: Charcot’s artery of cerebral haemorrhage (i.e.,the lenticulostriate branch of middle cerebral artery)
The aneurysm: Microaneurysm of small cerebral perforated vessels, rupture of which may result in intracerebral bleeding.
Other person associated: Charles-Joseph Bouchard
8) Charcot’s oedema-
The oedema: A local and very painful oedema with a bluish appearance of the extremities, seen in hysterical paralysis.
9) Charcot’s disease-
Synonym: Charcot’s sclerosis, Lou Gehrig’s disease,tabes spasmodica
The disease: It is a rare disorder of nervous system with degeneration of nerves conducting signal to muscles.There is early asymmetrical weakness of limb muscles,
followed by fatigue, cramps, wasting and fibrillation of the upper extremity, and spasticity of the lower limbs. It usually affects adults over 50 years of age but may occur
in younger persons with a M:F ratio of 2:1. The entity is now known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and commonly known to media as Lou Gehrig’s disease, after
Henry Louis (Lou) Gehrig, an American baseball player who died from it in 1941.
10) Charcot’s vertigo-
Synonym: Cough syncope
The entity: An attack of violent coughing may result in laryngeal spasm or glottic closure, which ultimately leads to intense vertigo or syncope
11) Charcot’s-Marie-Tooth disease-
Synonym: Charcot’s-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann disease,
Tooth’s syndrome, peroneal muscular atrophy
The disease: It is the commonest disease within a group of conditions known as Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies (HMSN). There is slowly progressive weakness as well as wasting of distal muscles of legs and arms, resulting from degeneration of the peripheral
nerves, nerve roots, and even the spinal cord. The patient is usually a young one who develops foot drop, highstepping gait and ‘inverted champagne bottle’ appearance of the legs. The affected person has normal intelligence with normal life span. The disease was first
described by Friedreich Schultze in 1884 but the work of Charcot threw light over the disease with a new concept that it is a neuropathy, rather than being a myopathy.
Other persons associated: Pierre Marie, Howard HenryTooth, Johann Hoffmann
12) Charcot’ zones-
The zones: Hysterogenic zones in the human body
13) Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome-
The syndrome: A neuro-ophthalmic syndrome, resulting in visual agnosia and inability to revisualise images due to occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery of the
dominant hemisphere. The condition is sometimes associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome.
Other person associated: Hermann Wilbrand
14) Erb-Charcot paralysis-
The paralysis: a rare syndrome comprising of spinal syphilis with paraesthesia, spastic weakness, sphincteric disorder, brisk deep reflexes, muscle atrophy, sensory
disturbances, and paraplegia.
Other person associated: Withelm Heinrich Erb
15) Charcot’s angina cruris-
Synonym: Charcot syndrome I, intermittent claudication, intermittent limping syndrome
The disease: It is an intermittent gait disturbance caused by obliterative angiopathy with diminished circulation of muscles of legs. There is appearance of pain,
discomfort, cramp and weakness of legs, most commonly developing after physical effort/walking and disappearing after rest. The condition is symptomatic of a variety of
vascular disease, including Buerger’s disease. The term coined at the title is no longer used for intermittent gait disturbances.
16) Charcot-Joffroy syndrome-
Synonym: Spiller’s syndrome, epidural ascending spinal paralysis
The syndrome: A syndrome characterized by sensorydisturbances of lower limbs, localized or diffuse pain in the back/legs/chest, followed by weakness of knees, and
transverse myelitis There may be presence of hyperaesthesia, vasomotor and sphincteric
disturbances, resulting from thrombophlebitis of the meningorachidian veins with subacute/chronic pachymeningitis. In 1911, Spiller first reported two cases.
Other persons associated: William Gibson Spiller, Alexis
17) Souques-Charcot syndrome-
A variant of Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (premature aging in younger children with dwarfism) consisting of eunuchoid habitus, mental subnormality, loose-shinydry
skin with subcutaneous atrophy.
Other associated person: Alexandre-Achille Souques,Sir Jonathan Huchinson
18) Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome-
Synonym: Carotid sinus hypersensitivity syndrome,tight collar syndrome, vagal syncope.
The syndrome: Transient attacks of syncope associated with bradycardia and hypotension, resulting from application of strong pressure on the neck over the bifurcation of common carotid artery, or by sudden turning of head, or wearing a tight collar. This syndrome
was first described by Johann Nepomuk Czermak in 1866.
Other persons associated: Soma Weiss, James Porter Baker
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